PERFORMATIVITAS QUEER DALAM NOVEL CALABAI KARYA PEPI AL-BAYQUNIE (KEBERAGAMAN GENDER MASYARAKAT BUGIS DALAM KARYA SASTRA) PERFORMATIVITY OF QUEER IN NOVEL CALABAI WRITTEN BY PEPI AL-BAYQUNIE (GENDER DIVERSITY OF BUGINESE ON LITERARY WORK)

Abstract

Karya sastra sebagai tiruan realitas kehidupan manusia terepresentasi dalam novel Calabai karya Pepi Al-Bayqunie. Novel ini berlatar belakang kehidupan masyarakat Bugis di Sulawesi Selatan. Penelitian ini membahas tentang performativitas queer dalam novel Calabai melalui queer theory Judith Butler.Menurut Butler, performativitas adalah kondisi alamiah bagi manusia dalam menampilkan tubuhnya (fisik). Bahasan mengenai jenis kelamin (sex), gender, dan orientasi seksual adalah konstruksi sosial yang dapat bersifat cair, tidak alamiah, dan labil.Performativitas queer dalam narasi pengarang novel Calabai ditandai sebagai penampilan yang alamiah dan ditampilkan berulang-ulang oleh tokoh-tokoh cerita yang dianggap queer, yaitu calabai dan bissu. Bissu dikonstruksi oleh budaya sebagai gender ”bukan gender”dalam lingkungan sosialnya. Melalui narasi novel ini, masyarakat Bugis memiliki dan mengakui adanya gender kelima (bissu) dalam kebudayaan mereka. Narasi dalam novel Calabai mengungkapkan penampilan alamiah bissu yang terus diulang melalui diskursif masyarakat sekian lama, sehingga bissu terkonstruksi dalam kebudayaan Bugis sebagai gender queer.   Literary works is an imitation of the reality of human life is represented in Calabai by Pepi Al-Bayqunie. This novel takes the setting of Buginese community lifein South Sulawesi. This research discusses the queer performativity in novel Calabai through queer theory from Judith Butler. According to Butler, performativity is a natural condition for man in displaying his (physical) body. Discussion about sex, gender, and sexual orientation is a social construct that can be fluid, unnatural, and unstable. Performativity queer in Calabai's narratives is characterized as a natural appearance and repeatedly displayed by the characters of the story considered queer, calabai and bissu. Bissu was constructed by culture as gender "not gender" in its social environment. Through its narratives, Buginese society owns and recognizes the existence bissu as the fifth genderin their culture. Its narratives reveal the natural appearance of bissu which has been repeated over the discursive society for so long that bissu was constructed in Buginese culture as a gender queer.